Problem during pregnancy

Problems of pregnancy can be discussed under following two headings:-

1. Minor problem

-Nausea and vomiting
-Anaemia
-Constipation
-Piles
-Anxiety and stress
-Numbness in feet
-Hyperacidity
-Nose bleeding
-Swelling of veins in legs
-Vaginal discharge smells bed

2. Major problem

-Abortion
-Toxemia
-Ectopic pregnancy
-Oedema
-Hypertension
Abortion

Abortion refers to the expulsion of an embryo or immature fetus before 28 weeks of pregnancy.

If the pregnancy date is unknown and the fetus is expelled with less than 500 gram weight, it is also called as abortion.

Abortion is termination of pregnancy starting from slight vaginal bleeding to the complete expulsion of embryo

Types of Abortion:

1. Spontaneous abortion
Abortion which takes place without human force is called spontaneous abortion.
It is also called miscarriage.
Causes
Formula:CAL HPE
C- chronic infection during pregnancy
A- abnormal size of uterus
L- lack of nutritious food
H- heredity
P- presence of RH negative factor in blood
E- Excessive mental stress

2. Induced abortion
Termination of pregnancy deliberately using medicines and with the help of health worker is called induced abortion.
Induced abortion can be both legal and illegal.
Abortion act 2058 B.S has made revision of legal abortion in Nepal if a women can abort their pregnancy before 12 weeks.
Causes
Sex preference attitude.
Pregnancy insisted by rape, incest sex.
Premaritial pregnancy.
Extramaritial pregnancy.
If the mother has chronic infection during pregnancy.
If the fetus is dead or deformed.

Toxemia
It is also called Eclampsia.
It refers to collection of toxic products in blood.
It is generally happens after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
It is not found in pregnant women, if found it is more complicated.

Symptoms
Headache
Blurred vision
Hypertension
Abdominal pain
Excessive weight gain
Oedema

Prevention
Bed rest.
Drink enough water and less salt.
Take balanced diet containing less fat and carbohydrate.
Hospitalization if recovery does not take place within 24 hours.

Ectopic pregnancy
It is the implantation of fertilized ovum in any site other than normal uterine cavity.
More ectopic pregnancy occurs in fallopion tube.
Beside it also occurs in abdomen, overy, cervix, etc.

Causes
Obstruction in fallopian tube
Pelvic tumours
Use of IUCD

Symptoms
Vaginal bleeding
Anaemia
Sign of shock and collapse
Sweating
Frequent urination
Sudden death due to rupture of fallopian tube.


Oedema
In pregnancy, the amount of water is increased up to 5/6 liters. It result in swelling of body called Oedema.

Causes
The weight gained by fetus presses the lower limbs of the mother. It therefore causes swelling of in feet and other body parts.

Prevention
Patient should be strictly suggested to consult medical practitioner.

Hypertension
It is the condition where female has persistent high blood pressure during pregnancy.

Causes
Anxiety
Mental stress

Symptoms
Headache
Blurred vision
Loss of consciousness

Prevention
Diet control
Free from mental stress
Medicatio
Meditation